Supporters of Mississippi's personhood amendment called it a gateway to challenging abortion rights nationwide.
But the initiative was rejected, Tuesday, by more than 55 percent of voters.
If it had passed, the amendment would have defined life as beginning at conception, banning abortion in the Magnolia State.
Many agree the bill could have affected birth control, in vitro fertilization, and abortions performed in the case of a medical emergency. But it was unclear just how they would be affected.
The uncertainty was enough to divide conservatives and pro-life supporters of the measure, including Mississippi's Gov. Haley Barbour (R), who voted for the initiative but voiced concerns over its clarity.
Supporters like Stacey Hawsey say they will continue to pursue similar ballot initiatives in other states.
"We're not going to give up on this," Hawsey vowed. "We will keep fighting."
"We've had so many people in the 'pro-life but' crowd, and these people are saying they're pro-life -- but this has maybe been inconvenient for them," she said.
Members of Personhood USA, the group pushing the initiative, blame the measure's defeat on Planned Parenthood.
They say the nation's largest abortion provider spread lies and caused confusion among pro-life supporters.
"They have not looked at what the truth is on this amendment and therefore they have gone into the polls today and they have said 'We're not standing up for these babies,'" one person said.
Ohio Union Victory
Another important upset from Election Day came out of Ohio.
Voters rejected a law that aimed to curb the collective bargaining rights of the state's public workers.
Union leaders say they hope this sends a strong message concerning the case for union rights.
Ohio's Gov. John Kasich (R) says he respects the voters' decision and will spend time reflecting on the results.
"If you don't win and the people speak with a loud voice...you pay attention to what they have to say and you think about it," he said,
Union leaders in Ohio say they want to use their victory as a spark to help re-elect President Obama and put more Democrats in office in 2012.
But it remains to be seen if that's the message voters were sending.